SAP BASIS Study Materials FREE PDF

SAP BASIS FREE Study Materials PDF 

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SAP BASIS and Security ADministration FREE PDF 

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What is SAP BASIS

 SAP BASIS

Basis is a set of middleware programs and tools from SAP, the German company whose comprehensive R/3 product is used to help manage large corporations. SAP provides the underlying base (thus the name) that enables applications (such as FI, CO, and SD, for example) to be interoperable and portable across operating systems and database products.

R/3 Basis includes client/server architecture and configuration, a relational database management system (RDBMS), and a graphical user interface (GUI). In addition to the interface between system elements, Basis components include a development environment for R/3 applications, and a data dictionary, as well as user and system administration and monitoring tools.

SAP Basis is the technology platform that supports all of SAP applications. They have both low level services like database communication and high level tools for end user and administrators. The basis in a business asset is the cost of that asset. The cost includes the purchase price, shipping, installation, and other services associated with the asset.                                          

Knowing the basis of an asset, and including all aspects of the purchase of that asset is important for two purposes:Capital gains and Depreciation. Capital gains taxes are based on the gain in price of the asset from the original cost of purchase (the basis), so a higher basis can mean lower capital gains tax. Depreciation is the cost of an asset spread out over its useful life. These costs are considered business expenses, so the higher the cost (basis), the more you deduct as an expense.It's important to capture all of the costs included in the purchase of an asset, to turn over to your tax prepare to determine the basis and calculate capital gains taxes when the asset is sold and depreciation during the time you own the asset.

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INTRODUCTION TO SAP BASIS

SAP Basis is the technology platform that supports all of SAP applications. They have both low level services like database communication and high level tools for end user and administrators.

 SAP Basis could include the following

• SAP Instance
• SAP database (Oracle, MaxDB, DB2, etc)
• SAP user and authorization management
• SAP system monitoring and performance
• Backup and Restores (generally these are only the database and not the O/S)
• Assist ABAP/JAVA developers

Customer Relationship Manager (CRM), Advanced Planning & Optimization (APO) and SAP Netweaver Business Warehouse (BW) are various SAP components that belong to the application layer and are all based on a shared Basis layer while the tasks and tools are all the same to the administrator.

Major tasks involved with maintaining a SAP solution

SAP System Administrator – Monitors the SAP system performance, keeps the system tuned and running

User Administrator – Creates and manages user accounts

Authorization Administrator – Creates and manages SAP roles and profiles

Security Administrator – Guarantees the security of the SAP system, monitors for any intrusion or security breaches

Transport Administrator- Copies changes between systems and manages change requests.

Background Job Administrator -Schedules, monitors and manages background jobs

Data Backup Administrator – Schedules, performs and manages backups and restores in all the related SAP filesystems

Disaster Recovery Administrator – Creates, tests and plans disaster recovery of the SAP servers

Programmer – Create and manages ABAP/Java programs

Database Administrator – Manages the specific database (Oracle, MaxDB, DB2, etc)

Operating System Administrator – Manages the operating system required for the hardware (Linux, Solaris, AIX, Windows Server, etc)

Network Administrator – Manages network access and guarantees that users and SAP can communicate with each other

Desktop Support Specialist – Manages the desktop used by the user, this also includes the SAP GUI, Database tools which are used to maintain the SAP systems.

Printer Operator – Manages network and desktop printers

Facility Manager – Manages the technical/physical infrastructure (data center, comm’s suites, power supply, air conditioning, etc)

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SAP BASIS CONSULTANT JOB PROFILE

Introduction to SAP BASIS

SAP Basis is the technology platform that supports all of SAP applications. They have both low level  services like database communication and high level tools for end user and administrators. Find more at Introduction to SAP BASIS

Roles and Responsibilities

The term Basis when used in the context of SAP technology refers to the application layer of the SAP system.

Key roles of a Basis Administrator includes system administration tasks such as managing the database, transporting development and configuration objects from one SAP system to another, monitoring system performance to ensure no interruption in system stability occurs in the SAP production environment, installing and upgrading the software on the servers, and system security.  Find more at  SAP BASIS Roles and Responsibilities

Career Opportunities

To take up SAP BASIS consultant career, a degree in engineering/ master in computer applications/ bachelor’s degree in science is needed. Having SAP certification is an added advantage in getting a job.

The average salary for an SAP Basis Administrator is Rs 439,510 per year, according to payscale. Skills that are associated with high pay for the job are IBM DB2 and SAP Basis. Most people move on to other jobs if they have more than 10 years’ experience in this career. Experience strongly influences income for this job. Find more at  SAP BASIS Consultant Career

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SAP BASIS CONSULTANT ROLES

The professional plays a variety of roles. The following are the general day to day roles of a SAP basis consultant.

• Handles the administration of SAP including the installation, configuration and maintenance.
• Installation may include SAP R/3, ECC, Net weaver, Net Weaver components, Solution Manager etc..
• Does user administration like creating and deleting users, assigning and resetting passwords, locking and unlocking users.
• Client administration like local client copy, remote client copy, create and deleting clients.
• Ability to create and restore data backups.
• Printer or spool configuration and administration.
• Create RFCs and configure TMS (Transport Management System)
• Monitor and manage the servers, background jobs, performance of the system
• Create roles using different methods like transactions, direct objects, missing authorizations, restrictions…etc
• Analyze and fix missing authorizations
• SAP license management
• Troubleshoot security or authorization problems using SU53, ST01 and SUIM
• Monitor the status of work processes, application servers and system logs etc
• Analyze the ABAP dumps; manage the database space allocation; does system copies; rectifies any type of problem related to operating systems; configure SAP GUI at client computers.
• Rectifies minor networking problems
• Understand IP address configurations and pinging concept
• Troubleshoot any client or server problems

Which he should primarily have the knowledge of network administration to install and configure operating system perfectly to install a SAP system. He should have through understanding about different computer programs or applications to use the sap system properly. He should be able to understand the complete structure and functionality of the entire SAP R/3 system.

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SAP BASIS CONSULTANT CAREER

To take up SAP BASIS consultant career, a degree in engineering/ master in computer applications/ bachelor’s degree in science is needed. Having SAP certification is an added advantage in getting a job.

The average salary for an SAP Basis Administrator is Rs 439,510 per year, according to payscale. Skills that are associated with high pay for the job are IBM DB2 and SAP Basis. Most people move on to other jobs if they have more than 10 years’ experience in this career. Experience strongly influences income for this job.

Job Outlook

Given SAP’s grasp on the market for high-end ERP installations, the slice of this market for certified SAP professionals will continue to grow, according to SAP. Although Foote Partners’ research indicates that some SAP consultants can earn high-paying jobs without certification, targeted technical training and project management experience helped the industry’s top earners avoid salary erosion through the economic downturn.

According to government research packages for many SAP consultants in the early stages of their careers are similar to those of computer support specialists who often earn between $33,000 and $55,000 per year.

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SAP BASIS Interview Questions

Easy Questions on SAP BASIS

• 1. Define SAP 
  SAP stands for Systems Application and Products in Data Processing. It is standards based ERP software. Some of the complete software include Oracle, Microsoft Dynamics etc.
• 2. What are other ERP systems available in the market ?
  Some of the major ERP systems other than SAP are from Oracle, Microsoft and Infar. QAD, Lawson, EPCOR, Sage and IFS are the players in mid-size businesses and Exact Globe, Syspro, NetSuite, Visibility, Consona, CDC Software and Activant Solutions round out the ERP vendors for small businesses.

• 3. What is meant by “Business Content” in SAP ?
  Business Content in SAP is a pre-defined and pre-configured models of information contained in the SAP warehouse which can be used directly or with desired modification in different industries. This information model includes integral roles, workbooks, queries, InfoSources, InfoCubes, ODS objects, key figures, characteristics, update rules, and extractors for SAP R/3, mySAP.com Business Applications, and for other selection applications.

  
  
• 4. What is SAP IDES ?
  SAP IDES stands for SAP Internet Demonstration and Evaluation System. This system is used to demonstrate the functionality of various SAP solutions used by important customers. This system uses data of the IDES model company.

  
  
• 5. Define Data Sets in SAP ?
  SAP Data sets are the sets of information which are required to solve some queries which cannot be solved by using the method interfaces.

  
  
• 6. What is ODS ?
  ODS is Operational Data Store. It is a component of business warehouse. It is mainly used for reporting of details.

• 7. Name the different types of info cubes ?
  1. Physical data stores:

  a. Basic InfoCubes

  b. Transactional InfoCubes

  2. Virtual data stores:

   a. Remote Cube

  b. SAP Remote Cube

  c. Virtual Info Cube with Services

  
  
• 8. What is Business KPIs ?
  Business KPIs are Key Performance Indicators. They indicate the performance of a company at strategic level. They also help in leading the company on the desired track by comparing company’s performance with the previous performances and with that of market leaders in the same sectors. SAP is building a project called “Business KPI wiki” to standardize the process of indication.

• 9. What is a Multi Cube ?
  Multi Cube is a Info cube which is a collection of several Basic Cubes. Using Multi Cubes one can test the data from Basic Cubes in a single context. Multi Cubes itself does n’t contain any data but works only on data from Basic Cubes.

• 10. What is the profile ?
  Profile is what a user can do within that role that is assigned to the user.

   When a role is created; a profile is created based on the authorization data i.e. object class, authorization object, filed and values.

   The word "profile" is used in 2 different concepts.

   1) Authorization Profiles

  2) System Profiles

  Authorization Profile: This profile is the one created when a role is created and is called as authorization profile.

  System Profile: This profile exists to change the parameters for the instances.

• 11. What is an OK code? What are the differences an OK code to a T-code ?
  An OK Code is used by a program to execute a function for example after a push button has been clicked. A transaction code is a “shortcut” that helps a user run a program.

  
  
• 12. Where are t-code name and program values stored? How can I find a list of all the t-codes in the  SAP system ?
  We can use transaction st11 to view Table TSTC. You can define a new t-code using transaction se93.

• 13. How can one disable the “Import All” button on STMS for the queues ?
  Login to your Transport Domain Controller. Run STMS->Overview->System.

  Choose the System you want to disable import all. Go to Transport Tool tab.

  Add/Create Parameter “NO_IMPORT_ALL” set its value to 1.

• 14. What is a background processing batch scheduler ?
  It is a process which runs as defined by the parameter rdisp/btctime to check the scheduled background jobs and to execute them. The parameter defines the delay between two runs which means that a job start can delay at the most for that much time.

• 15. What is SAP Basis ?
  It is a component of SAP System, act as a technological platform that support the entire range of SAP applications. It acts as an operating system on which SAP applications run.

• 16. What is the difference between a client copy and client refresh ?
  Copying or over writing to existing client called as client refresh.

  Copying to newly created client called client copy.

  
  
• 17. What is the importance of table T000 ?
  Table T000 contains a list of defined clients, which you can maintain with transaction SCC4.

• 18. What is the purpose of table USR02 ?
  This table stores User IDs and passwords

• 19. What is the purpose of table TADIR ?
  Table TADIR contains object directory entries.

• 20. What is the purpose of table TDEVC ?
  Table TDEVC contains development classes and packages.

• 21. What is the transaction code associated with changing requests, request headers, or request object lists ?
  The following tables hold information about change requests.

  E070 Change request headers

  E071 Change request object lists

  
  
• 22. Where can you find a list of object keys included in a transport ?
  E071K Object keys contained within transports.

• 23. How can you View Locked Transactions ?
   As you know, you can lock/unlock transaction codes via SM01. But, how do you go about viewing the transactions that are locked in the system? You need to look in field CINFO, table TSTC. Within SAP, you can use either SE11 or SE16 to browse the table contents. Make sure you enter “A0″ as the “HEX01 data element for SYST” starting value and “A9″ as the ending value.

• 24. What is the difference between a support package and a kernel replacement ?
  A support package contains fixes to the ABAP code within a SAP instance. It must be applied using the SPAM transaction in the SAP instance. A kernel replacement is the replacement of the SAP executables on the OS level

• 25. What is the RFC Communication in SAP ?
  There are mainly 4 types of RFC communication in SAP. They are

  1. Synchronous RFC

  2. Asynchronous RFC

  3. Transactional RFC

  4. Queued RFC

Hard Questions on SAP BASIS

• 1. Where you can check system log at OS level ?
  Check /usr/sap//system/logs directory or goto SAP MMC console look for "system logs" Under SID.

  
  
• 2. How do you check whether a system is UNICODE system or not ?
  Go to ->SM51 tcode and click "Release Notes" button  or click System->Status->check UNICODE values is YES or NO under SYSTEM DATA in SAP Easy Access page or execute command "disp+work-version" at command prompt.

• 3. Define Transactional RFC (TRFC) ?
  Transactional RFC (TRFC): This type of RFC communication is similar to Synchronous RFC but by allocating a transaction id(TID) it guarantees that if a request is sent several times because of network problems it is processed only once. Unlike asynchronous RFC, in Transactional RFC the remote system does not have to be available at the moment the RFC client program start the call. The data is held in the source system until the target system is available. The report program RSARFCSE is called in the background at regular intervals and tries to place the unsuccessful requests, identified by their transaction id again.

  
  
• 4. What are the common transport errors ?
  Return code 4 --> Imported with warnings

   -Generation of program, columns or row missing.

  Return code 8 --> Imported with errors

    -Syntax error

    -Program generation error

    -Dictionary activation error or method execution error

  Return code 12 --> Indicates Import Cancelled

    -Program cancelled due to job

    -Import cancelled due to object missing

    -Import cancelled due to object not active

  Return code 18 --> Indicates Import Cancelled

    -Due to system down while import

    -Due to user expired during import

    -Due to insufficient roles or authorization

  
  
• 5. How to transport users from one client to another client ?
  To transport users within a system(same SID) go to tcode-->SCC1 -->give source and target client -->select profile SAP_USER --> schedule in background job execution.

  Note: if you want to transport from different system(SID) means we can use SCC9 or SCC8 tcode by selecting SAP_USER profile in other terms called client copy or client refresh.

• 6. What is "OK" code and Tcode ?
  OK code is used within a program to execute a function.

  Tcode is "Shortcut" which helps to run a program.

  
  
• 7. How to check list of tcodes within a SAP system and where to look for Tcode names and program values ?
  -Use tcode ST11 to view table TSTC

  -Go to SE93 tcode to view or Define a tcode

• 8. How we can disable the "IMPORT ALL" button on STMS tcode ?
  Login to DC(Domain controller) STMS-->System overview -->double click on corresponding system -->go to Transport Tool tab --> add/change parameter "NO_IMPORT_ALL" set its values 1.

  
  
• 9. How can you View Locked Transactions ?
  As you know, you can lock/unlock transaction codes via SM01. But, how do you go about viewing the transactions that are locked in the system? You need to look in field CINFO, table TSTC.

  Within SAP, you can use either SE11 or SE16 to browse the table contents. Make sure you enter “A0″ as the “HEX01 data element for SYST” starting value and “A9″ as the ending value.

  This will list all the transactions locked in the system.

• 10. What is difference between 4.7, ECC 5 and ECC6 from SAP Security point of view ?
  SAP GRC which is a security tool can be implemented only to ECC 5.0 and ECC 6.0 but not to the 4.7EE.

  SAP 4.7 is an ABAP based system, here we can see only about R/3 security.

   SAP ECC5.0 and SAP ECC6.0 included both ABAP + JAVA stacks, means enterprise portal also included here we can have both R/3 security for ABAP stack and JAVA stack security which includes in portal concept(Enterprise Portal Security).

  
  
• 11. What do you mean by profile and object ?
  Profile is an authorization profile and where as object can be an authorization class or authorization object or field and value. So, to make up a profile it requires several objects. More precisely profile is set of different authorizations for different objects. It means when you create role and go for generating profile whatever the list of transactions you have added in role menu its corresponding objects automatically fetch up by profile generator. For which transaction which objects get fetch up this you can check using SU24 tcode only objects with check/maintain status get fetch up by profile generator during  Profile generation. And for better understanding you just keep in mind for every tcode there are certain set of objects. And each objects has different fields and its value is called its value i.e. 01, 02, 03 create, change, display respectively.

  
  
• 12. What are the password related parameters ?
  Password related parameters are:

  login/min_password_lng (Defines minimum length for password)

  login/min_password_digits

  login/password_expiration_time

  
  
• 13. Which are the most frequent errors encountered while dealing with Transports ?
  Return code (4) indicates import ended with warning.

  Return code (8) indicates not imported ended with error

  Return code (12) indicates import is cancelled.

  Return code (16) indicates import is cancelled.

• 14. How will go about doing a client copy ?
  We are using client copy using the SCCL transaction

• 15. What are the differences between asynchronous and synchronous transport ?
  Synchronous Transport – Dialog or batch process are blocked until import is ended.

  Asynchronous Transport – Dialog or batch process is released after import is started.

  
  
• 16. Define Queued RFC (QRFC) ?
  Queued RFC (QRFC) : This RFC communication is an extension to the transactional RFC. In this method, all the requests are queued up(inbound queue and outbound queue) and are processed in a sequence only if it is certain that all preceding calls are processed correctly. This method guarantees that all the requests are processed in the sequence in which they are received. This type of RFCs will be used in SCM (APO) systems for CIF queues etc where requests have to be processed in an order.    

  
  
• 17. List the types of Transport requests ?
  There are 4 types of transport requests in SAP -

  1. Customizing Request

  2. Workbench Request

  3. Transport of Copies

  4. Relocation

• 18. What is the difference between Consolidation and Development route ?
  In consolidation route – objects can be changed and they can transport from one system to other. This is the route between development to quality.

  In Development route – Objects cannot be changed and they cannot be transported from one system to other. This is the route between quality to production.

  
  
• 19. What is supplementation language ?
  Default SAP systems are pre-installed with English and German.

  SAP does support many other language which may not full translate from the default English and German. To fill this gap, Supplementary language (a program) is installed.

  
  
• 20. What is logical system? How to create and why ?
  Logical system is required for communication between systems With in the landscape. Logical system enables the system to recognize the target system as an RFC destination.

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